![]() ![]() This effectively changes the resonant frequency of the antenna. The effective dielectric constant impacts the speed at which electric energy travels through this media. The length of the patch is determined by the electrical length of the antenna rather than the physical length of the antenna. ![]() Prior to determining the length of the patch, L, the effective permittivity of the substrate, ε reff, must be calculated from Equation (2). This is due to the width not having a significant impact on the operational frequency of the antenna, and tends to have the largest effect on the bandwidth and the input impedance (excluding dielectric height and constant) of the patch antenna. The width of a patch antenna is good starting point when designing a microstrip patch antenna. It is possible to determine the width of the patch, w, using Equation (1). This article will focus on the cavity model approximation in most situations and will fall back on the transmission line model to derive parameters such as the input impedance of the patch. It is possible to derive the parameters of patch antenna using a few different techniques. Finally, the third part is the ground plane. The inset patch design has three distinct geometrical regions. More in depth understanding of the inset Patch Antenna
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